HYRDROFRACTURING

Hydrofracture Process

The procedure involves the installation of an inflatable packer which is placed in the well bore at least 40 feet below the well casing and drive shoe seal and at least 60 feet below ground surface to insure that the process does not “break” the seal or allow surface water contaminants to enter the well. The packer is inflated or locked into position and water is pumped through the packer under pressure. Most applications require between 500 and 2000 pounds per square inch(psi) pressure and in some cases 3000 psi pressure may be needed in tight rock formations.

If successful, pressure will steadily rise to a maximum level as the rock formation resists flow then will suddenly drop off and stabilize at a lower pressure. The drop in pressure indicates that the formation is accepting water and the resistance to flow is diminished. Water is pumped into the formation for 5 to 30 minutes. Injection pump delivery rates of 50 to 85 gallons per minute and generally 800 to 1200 gallons of water per zone.

One or two packers may be used for hydrofracturing. When utilizing one packer, it is set near the top of the well but at a minimum safe distance below the drive shoe. After the initial pressurization or “hydrofrac” sequence, the packer is deflated and lowered further into the hole and the process repeated. Commonly two hydrofrac sequences are perfomed.

Zone isolation hydrofracturing utilizes a two packer system where the packers are placed in series and water is pumped into the isolated zones between the packers. This system can be more effective because it concentrates pressures within a small area, typically 40 to 60 foot intervals, and individual fractures can be isolated and hydraulically fractured. With this method, approximately 8 zones are isolated within the well starting within a specified section of the well. Each successive hydrofrac sequence stresses one interval higher than the last. In this way, all potential water bearing fractures or fracture zones are worked independently within the section of the well bore being hydrofracked. This differs from, the single packer, one or two frac sequence method which probably only affects the weakest, least resistant point(s) in the well.

1. Your well is obstructed by silt,sediment or deposits

2. With our Hydrofracturing equipment, clean water is injected under extreme pressure. We can inject over 85 gallons per minute

3. The obstructions are forced out of the water-producing fractures. Now water can flow freely.

4. For maximum yield, zone-fracturing isolates specific zones within the formation.

5. Once a zone is free of obstructions, the process is repeated at multiple depths.

6. By concentrating the injections to where it’s needed most, zone-fracturing insures optimum yield.

Process Water

It is extremely important that only clean, disinfected water is used for injection water because of the extreme pressures involved and the potential for forcing contaminant deep into the bed rock aquifer. Kleiman Pump & Well Drilling, Inc. will use only clean potable water from our own water well. We will use around 3000 gallons on a single frac job and up to 10,000 gallons on a Zone frac job.

Yield Testing

When successful, hydrofracturing can produce modest well yield increases. However, depending on the original yield of the well, a modestly increased yield may represent a significant increase if the original yield was very low. Atypical well yield rate after hydrofracturing is ½ to 5 gallons per minute though occasionally large increases in well recovery rater are realized. Due to geologic conditions, in some instances hydrofracturing will not increase well yield. Because of the large volumes of water used in the process, Kleiman Pump & Well Drilling, Inc. recommends waiting a minimum of 48 hours to do a yield test. This allows the bedrock aquifer to reach equilibrium. This will insure a more true test.

Summary

Though there is no way to predict exactly what the outcome will be, Kleiman Pump & Well Drilling, Inc. has generally had a 95% success rate using the Hydrofracturing process in our service area, and would recommend it to well owners that suffer from inadequate water yield.